agid])) { foreach ($g_flag_thread[$flagid] as &$val) { flag_thread_filter($val); } flag_thread_set($flagid, $g_flag_thread[$flagid]); } } return $g_flag_thread[$flagid]; } // 设置缓存 $key = flagid / $val = flagid下tid数组 function flag_thread_set($key, $val) { global $g_flag_thread; FALSE === $g_flag_thread and $g_flag_thread = website_get('flag_thread'); empty($g_flag_thread) and $g_flag_thread = array(); $g_flag_thread[$key] = $val; return website_set('flag_thread', $g_flag_thread); } // 删除flag下tid缓存 function flag_thread_delete_cache($flagid) { global $g_flag_thread; FALSE === $g_flag_thread and $g_flag_thread = website_get('flag_thread'); empty($g_flag_thread) and $g_flag_thread = array(); if (isset($g_flag_thread[$flagid])) { unset($g_flag_thread[$flagid]); website_set('flag_thread', $g_flag_thread); } return TRUE; } // Delete by tid / 通过tid删除flag下的主题和对应flagid缓存 function flag_thread_delete_by_tid($tid) { global $g_flag_thread; FALSE === $g_flag_thread and $g_flag_thread = website_get('flag_thread'); if (empty($g_flag_thread)) { $g_flag_thread = array(); } else { $thread = well_thread_read_cache($tid); $arrlist = flag_thread_find($tid, 1, $thread['flags']); $flagarr = $ids = array(); foreach ($arrlist as $val) { $flagarr[] = $val['flagid']; $ids[] = $val['id']; if (isset($g_flag_thread[$val['flagid']])) unset($g_flag_thread[$val['flagid']]); } website_set('flag_thread', $g_flag_thread); // 主键更新 flag_update($flagarr, array('count-' => 1)); // 主键删除 flag_thread_delete($ids); } return TRUE; } // 主键删除 通过$flagid删除flag下的主题和对应flagid缓存 function flag_thread_delete_by_flagid($flagid) { global $g_flag_thread; FALSE === $g_flag_thread and $g_flag_thread = website_get('flag_thread'); $read = flag_read_cache($flagid); if (empty($read)) return TRUE; $arrlist = flag_thread_find_by_flagid($flagid, 1, $read['count']); if (empty($arrlist)) return TRUE; $flagarr = $ids = array(); $n = 0; foreach ($arrlist as $val) { ++$n; $flagarr[] = $val['flagid']; $ids[] = $val['id']; if (isset($g_flag_thread[$flagid])) unset($g_flag_thread[$flagid]); } website_set('flag_thread', $g_flag_thread); // 主键更新 flag_update($flagarr, array('count-' => $n)); // 主键删除 $r = flag_thread_delete($ids); return $r; } ?>组保留的标签 余下为需要删除的标签 unset($oldtag[$key]); } } } if (!empty($oldtag)) { $tagids = array(); foreach ($oldtag as $tagid => $tagname) { $tagids[] = $tagid; } well_oldtag_delete($tagids, $tid); } $r = well_tag_process($tid, $fid, $create_tag, $tagarr); return $r; } // 删除标签和绑定的主题 function well_oldtag_delete($tagids, $tid) { $pagesize = count($tagids); $arrlist = well_tag_find_by_tagids($tagids, 1, $pagesize); $delete_tagids = array(); // 删除 $tagids = array(); $n = 0; foreach ($arrlist as $val) { ++$n; if (1 == $val['count']) { // 只有一个主题 $delete_tagids[] = $val['tagid']; } else { $tagids[] = $val['tagid']; } } !empty($delete_tagids) and well_tag_delete($delete_tagids); $arlist = well_tag_thread_find_by_tid($tid, 1, $n); if ($arlist) { $ids = array(); foreach ($arlist as $val) $ids[] = $val['id']; well_tag_thread_delete($ids); } !empty($tagids) and well_tag_update($tagids, array('count-' => 1)); } // 标签数据处理 $arr=新提交的数组 $tagarr=保留的旧标签 function well_tag_process($tid, $fid, $new_tags = array(), $tagarr = array()) { if (empty($tid)) return ''; // 新标签处理入库 if ($new_tags) { $threadarr = array(); $tagids = array(); $i = 0; $size = 5; $n = count($tagarr); $n = $n > $size ? $size : $size - $n; foreach ($new_tags as $name) { ++$i; $name = trim($name); $name = stripslashes($name); $name = strip_tags($name); $name = str_replace(array(' ', '#', "@", "$", "%", "^", '&', '·', '<', '>', '；', '`', '~', '!', '￥', '……', ';', '?', '？', '-', '—', '_', '=', '+', '.', '{', '}', '|', ':', '：', '、', '/', '。', '[', ']', '【', '】', '‘', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' '), '', $name); $name = htmlspecialchars($name, ENT_QUOTES); if ($name && $i <= $n) { // 查询标签 $read = well_tag_read_name($name); if ($read) { // 存在 count+1 $tagids[] = $read['tagid']; } else { // 入库 $arr = array('name' => $name, 'count' => 1); $tagid = well_tag_create($arr); FALSE === $tagid and message(-1, lang('create_failed')); $read = array('tagid' => $tagid, 'name' => $name); } $tag_thread = array('tagid' => $read['tagid'], 'tid' => $tid); $threadarr[] = $tag_thread; $tagarr[$read['tagid']] = $read['name']; } } !empty($threadarr) and tag_thread_big_insert($threadarr); !empty($tagids) and well_tag_update($tagids, array('count+' => 1)); } $json = empty($tagarr) ? '' : xn_json_encode($tagarr); return $json; } ?>内容的栏目 * @param int $category 0列表 1频道 2单页 3外链 * @return array */ function category_list($forumlist, $model = 0, $display = 0, $category = 0) { if (empty($forumlist)) return NULL; static $cache = array(); $key = $model . '-' . $display . '-' . $category; if (isset($cache[$key])) return $cache[$key]; if ($display) { foreach ($forumlist as $k => $val) { if (1 == $val['display'] && 1 == $val['type'] && $val['category'] == $category) { $cache[$key][$k] = $val; } } } else { foreach ($forumlist as $k => $val) { if (1 == $val['type'] && $val['category'] == $category) { $cache[$key][$k] = $val; } } } return empty($cache[$key]) ? NULL : $cache[$key]; } /** * @param $forumlist 所有版块列表 不分模型 * @param int $display 0全部CMS栏目 1在首页和频道显示内容的栏目 * @param int $category 0列表 1频道 2单页 3外链 * @return array */ function category_list_show($forumlist, $display = 0, $category = 0) { if (empty($forumlist)) return NULL; static $cache = array(); $key = $display . '-' . $category; if (isset($cache[$key])) return $cache[$key]; if ($display) { foreach ($forumlist as $k => $val) { if (1 == $val['display'] && 1 == $val['type'] && $val['category'] == $category) { $cache[$key][$k] = $val; } } } else { foreach ($forumlist as $k => $val) { if (1 == $val['type'] && $val['category'] == $category) { $cache[$key][$k] = $val; } } } return empty($cache[$key]) ? NULL : $cache[$key]; } /** * @param $forumlist 所有版块列表 * @return mixed BBS栏目数据(仅列表) 尚未开放bbs频道功能 */ function forum_list($forumlist) { if (empty($forumlist)) return array(); static $cache = array(); if (isset($cache['bbs_forum_list'])) return $cache['bbs_forum_list']; $cache['bbs_forum_list'] = array(); foreach ($forumlist as $_fid => $_forum) { if ($_forum['type']) continue; $cache['bbs_forum_list'][$_fid] = $_forum; } return $cache['bbs_forum_list']; } // 导航显示的版块 function nav_list($forumlist) { if (empty($forumlist)) return NULL; static $cache = array(); if (isset($cache['nav_list'])) return $cache['nav_list']; foreach ($forumlist as $fid => $forum) { if (0 == $forum['nav_display']) { unset($forumlist[$fid]); } } return $cache['nav_list'] = $forumlist; } ?>瞿塘峡怎么画自己
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瞿塘峡怎么画自己

2025-06-02 04:21:14   2次

瞿塘峡怎么画自己

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要画好瞿塘峡，首先需把握其"雄、险、奇"的特质。建议采用传统山水画的散点透视法，以青绿山水为主基调，重点表现夔门两岸赤甲山与白盐山的对峙之势。作画时可先用淡墨勾勒山体轮廓，再以斧劈皴表现悬崖峭壁的肌理，最后施以石青、朱砂等矿物颜料渲染山色。江面处理宜留白为虚，以细笔勾勒波浪纹理，突出"舟从地窟行"的险峻感。近景可点缀白帝城建筑群，中景表现峡江湍流，远景则通过云雾渲染营造空间层次。

这一创作方法的科学性可从三方面论证：首先在地理特征上，瞿塘峡作为长江三峡最短却最险峻的峡谷，其两岸山崖垂直高度达千米，江面最窄处仅50米，这种"两山夹一门"的独特地貌决定了必须采用高远法构图才能展现其雄伟气势。古代画家范宽在《溪山行旅图》中开创的"远山无皴"技法，正适用于表现瞿塘峡远处连绵的峰峦。其次在色彩运用方面，科学检测显示当地岩层富含氧化铁成分，使得赤甲山呈现赭红色，而白盐山因石灰岩反光呈现银白色调，这与清代《芥子园画谱》记载的"石分三面，色随质变"原则完全吻合。现代颜料分析表明，传统矿物颜料中的朱砂（HgS）和石青（2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2）具有最佳的色彩稳定性，能够准确还原峡江四季的色泽变化。最后在笔墨技法上，宋代郭熙在《林泉高致》中提出的"三远法"理论，特别适合表现瞿塘峡"峰与天关接"的视觉效果。当代画家周天林创作的三峡长卷中，采用马远"斧劈皴"与董源"披麻皴"相结合的笔法，既表现了山岩的刚硬质感，又描绘出云雾的柔美流动，这种刚柔相济的处理方式在学术圈获得广泛认可。气象数据显示瞿塘峡年均雾日达180天，因此画面中云雾的表现至关重要，可借鉴南宋米友仁的"米点皴"技法，通过墨色浓淡变化营造"峡雨蒙蒙"的意境。从艺术史角度看，瞿塘峡作为第五套人民币10元背面图案原型，其构图严格遵循了黄金分割比例，主峰位置位于画面纵向的0.618处，这种经典构图值得借鉴。现代三维地形测绘表明，瞿塘峡两岸山体倾斜度多在70-90度之间，因此作画时山势线条应当挺拔峻峭，避免圆润柔和的曲线。在光影处理上，卫星遥感数据显示峡谷日照时间日均不足5小时，故画面明暗对比要强烈，背光面可多用焦墨皴擦，受光面则适当留白，形成"阴阳割昏晓"的视觉效果。

本题链接：

瞿塘峡绘画技法山水画创作